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Termites are far less likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, as they are usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. A few of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a large number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the form of termite. For instance, certain species feed on the wood structures they inhabit, and others harvest food that's near the nest.132 Most employees are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate with other soldiers and a tiny force of employees starts to emerge. In the second stage, employees appear in large numbers in the site. The third phase is indicated by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behavior within an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always ends in agonistic behavior towards one another, resulting in fights. These fights can cause mortality on both sides and, in some situations, the gain or loss of land.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, in which the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from other colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the original source the region and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not necessarily happen.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and perish, effectively blocking the tunnel and ending all of agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens can compete with one another to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with all the king, takes over the colony.145
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Ants and termites can compete with each other for nesting space. In specific, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are used in an assortment of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common way of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which are transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and gender pheromones derive from 2 glandular resources: the here sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to look for food, they forage in columns along the ground throughout vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal residue or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their neststhey use predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any specific construction job. Individual termites respond rather than think, however in a set level, they display a type of collective cognition. Particular structures or other items like pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised procedure whereby the information that directs termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet her latest blog andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been broken or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.